In this study, combination of NOX-A12 and anti-PD-1 (NOX-A12: 20 mg/kg s.c., every other day, anti-PD-1: 10 mg/kg i.p. twice weekly) resulted in significant tumor size reduction, superior to either vehicle, anti-PD-1 monotherapy, or NOX-A12 monotherapy in a murine syngeneic CT-26 colon cancer model. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.