Conventional (hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hyperlipidemia, age, sex) and less conventional (impaired glucose tolerance; impaired fasting glucose, apolipoprotein B (ApoB); apolipoprotein A-I (ApoAI), triglycerides; triglyceride-rich lipoproteins[TGRLs], small and dense LDL, oxidized-LDL, antibodies against oxidized-LDL, Lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) cardiovascular risk factors are the main determinants for the impairment of the endothelial protective properties [19]. The gene discussed is APOA1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.