We calculated the averaged time courses of concentrations of plasma glucose, serum insulin, and C-peptide during consecutive hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp conditions of NGT (n = 50), borderline type (n = 18), and T2DM (n = 53) (Fig. 1, Supplementary Figure S1).14,30 During the hyperglycemic clamp, plasma glucose concentrations at the hyperglycemic plateau were similar among the NGT, borderline type, and T2DM groups. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.