ROCK1 and heart failure: In addition to demonstrating an in vivo role of ROCK1 in mediating doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, we have uncovered a role for ROCK1 in mediating doxorubicin-induced dysregulation of autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes, possibly through promoting Beclin 1-mediated autophagy initiation, further supporting that ROCK1 represents a potential therapeutic target to prevent chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin-induced heart failure.