TGFB1 and infection: Soil borne helminths infected individuals expressed higher levels of TGF-β (2338 pg/ml) as compared to Plasmodium falciparum malaria (772.7 pg/ml) and co-infected individuals (939.2 pg/ml).This down regulation of TGF-β in co-infections is indicative that co-infected individuals lose the protective role of TGF-β against soil borne helminths during infection.