TGFB1 and Plasmodium falciparum malaria: Similarly, when TGF-β levels were similarly compared soil borne helminths infected individuals expressed higher (P < 0.05) levels of TGF-β (2338 pg/ml) as compared to Plasmodium falciparum malaria (772.7 pg/ml) and co-infected individuals (939.2 pg/ml, Fig. 2c).