TGFB1 and Plasmodium falciparum malaria: When median plasma cytokine levels of TGF-β were compared across groups, the results showed that soil borne helminths infected individuals showed higher levels (P < 0.05) of TGF-β (2338 pg/ml) as compared to Plasmodium falciparum malaria infected individuals (772 pg/ml) and healthy controls (424.6 pg/ml, Fig. 1c).