Stimulating A2ARs with the A2AR agonist CGS21680 significantly inhibits lymphocyte proliferation, VLA-4 expression and the release of a range of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1-β, and IL-17, all of which have been shown to contribute to MS progression (19, 30). This evidence concerns the gene ADORA2A and myeloid sarcoma.