ERN1 and central nervous system disorder: In supraspinal mechanisms of CNS disorders, the increased expressions of IRE1, XBP1, and ATF6 could be observed in neurons and astrocytes in different brain regions, which indicate the interaction between neurons and glia (Zhang et al., 2012; Yang W. et al., 2014; Wen et al., 2016; Duran-Aniotz et al., 2017).