Firstly, targeted small inhibitors dampening pathologically activated cell-intrinsic signalling mechanisms, with the most effective to date being a combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors in BRAF-mutated melanoma.32 Secondly, immunotherapies applying anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies have shown impressive response rates in cutaneous and mucosal melanoma.33–35 Both approaches may be clinically useful in advanced conjunctival melanoma.36 This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and melanoma.