The main components of the innate immune system (i.e., macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells) play a pivotal role in modulating viral infection and determining disease severity and outcome by triggering (i) activation of type I interferon (IFN-α/β) signaling, (ii) activation of multiple cellular cytokines and chemokines, and subsequent (iii) initiation of host adaptive (antigen-specific) immune signals [10]. Here, IFNA1 is linked to viral infectious disease.