Based on the rationale shown above, we conducted a randomized screening phase II trial of chemoradiotherapy with TMZ plus IFNβ in comparison with chemoradiotherapy with TMZ alone for newly diagnosed GBM (JCOG0911 INTEGRA study), as the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) study to explore the superiority of TMZ + IFNβ therapy to TMZ alone in terms of overall survival (OS) in patients with newly diagnosed GBM. Here, IFNB1 is linked to glioblastoma.