PIK3CD and infection: Likewise, infection with coxsackie virus activates PI3K/AKT signaling and suppression of these pathways diminished viral capsid protein expression and viral release (34), and PI3Kδ mediates dsRNA-induced upregulation of airway epithelial PD-L1, a co-inhibitory molecule associated with the escape of viruses from the mucosal immunity (35).