Pre-treatment with curcumin reduced the LPS-induced increased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, and COX-2 in all brain areas, while reducing the expression of IL-6 to more selected regions (striatum and cerebellum) (dark gray bars, Figure 2), suggesting a protective effect of curcumin against LPS-induced brain inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and brain inflammatory disease.