PTGS2 and colonic neoplasm: Furthermore, binding of TIA-1 to the proximal region of the 3′-UTR of COX-2 following IL-1β has also been demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) in renal mesangial cells [29] and defective RNA binding of TIA-1 has been shown to promote COX-2 expression in colon cancer cells [17].