Also, persistent activation of the UPR stimulates hepatic de novo lipogenesis via all 3 arms of the UPR, causing increased activity of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c, encoded by SREBF1), carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP, encoded by MLXIPL), the spliced variant of X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1s), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α and C/EBPβ,11, 12, 13 and in turn increased lipogenesis exacerbates insulin resistance. Here, PPARG is linked to Insulin resistance.