Moreover, several studies [8, 15, 20, 21] have shown that many inflammatory and immune factors, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) [8, 15, 20] and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) [21], for example, contribute to DN formation through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Here, TGFB1 is linked to liver dysplastic nodule.