TNF and atherosclerosis: For examples, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 could regulate the vascular systems to improve the vascular injury, and promote the hematopoietic function after postpartum hemorrhage (Janssens et al., 2015); MAPK1 and MAPK10, the mitogen-activated protein kinases, were involved in cell biological responses and immune defense by mediating multiple cellular processes (Mohanta et al., 2015); PTGS2 contributed to the development of thrombosis and atherosclerosis in response to the production of eicosanoids (Deeb et al., 2006).