MAPK3 and colorectal carcinoma: As shown in Fig. 4d, heightened endogenous levels of NHERF1 in settings of viable β-catenin-depleted CRC cells also correlated with hyper-phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) and increased levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p27, as well as of key endocytosis/autophagy regulators, such as the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin-1 (BECN1), Cathepsin D, the regulatory V1G1 subunit of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), the small GTPase Rab7 and its effector RILP [19, 20].