BRAF and non-small cell lung carcinoma: For example, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib, have been shown to be effective in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients carrying activating EGFR exon 19 deletions or L858R mutations, and vemurafenib is known to be beneficial to patients with BRAF V600E mutations [9–11].