Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic condition caused by loss of function mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2. TSC1 and TSC2 are tumour suppressors that function together, where loss of function mutations of either gene predisposes the growth of tumours in multiple organs in TSC patients, including the kidney, brain and skin, as well as neurocognitive problems and epilepsy [46]. Here, TSC1 is linked to tuberous sclerosis.