LRRK2 and chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps: In the results presented herein, considerable data indicates that the up-regulation of LRRK2 expression in CRSsNP is obviously higher than in the CRSwNP group, and the percentage of cells with NFAT nuclear staining in CRSsNP is much lower in CRSwNP group (Fig. 2), which suggests that a lower expression of LRRK2 exhibits less of an inhibitory effect on NFAT.