Currently, the following three PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have been approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA): nivolumab is approved for renal cell cancers, melanomas, NSCLCs and classical Hodgkin lymphomas [13]; pembrolizumab is approved for melanomas, NSCLCs and head and neck cancers [14]; and atezolizumab is approved for urothelial carcinomas and NSCLCs [15]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to renal cell adenocarcinoma.