NOS2 and metabolic syndrome: Increased levels of IDO-generated tryptophan metabolites, the kynurenines, may promote metabolic syndrome development via pro-oxidative, neurotoxic, and apoptotic activities, along with upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, arachidonic acid, prostaglandin, 5-lipoxygenase, and leukotriene cascade [33].