SQSTM1 and breast carcinoma: For example, Beclin 1 expression is often downregulated in human breast cancer and Beclin-1+/− mice were found to be tumor prone indicating that Beclin-1 is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene [14, 15]; LC3 was found to be highly expressed in gastrointestinal cancers [16]; Atg7 liver conditional knockout mice developed hepatomegaly, a condition that may lead to malignant transformation [17]; and p62 was considered to be an oncogenic protein since its overexpression in vivo in the liver was sufficient to induce hepatocellular carcinoma without carcinogen administration [18].