Summarizing then, CD8+ T-cells appear to play dual role in the immunopathology of ACL depending on the antigenic environment where those cells are interacting, i.e., in cases of infection by L. (V. )braziliensis their cytotoxic action (via NLRP3 inflammasome activation or IL-1β production) may result in exacerbation of pathology [35, 36], or in cases of infection by L. (L. ) amazonensistheir regulatory action (via TGF-β and IL-10) may promote dissemination of infection [14]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to infection.