It should also be noted that TLR2 and 4 have been considered pivotal actors in the immune response of ACL, as it has been shown in in vitro trials that infections caused by L. (V. ) braziliensis and L. (V. ) panamensis induce increased expression of those macrophage receptors in humans–indicating their participation in the innate immune response to ACL caused by those Leishmania species [49]. The gene discussed is TLR2; the disease is infection.