a), with exception of the BDCL and ML forms caused by L. (V. )braziliensis—therefore reinforcing the likely dual role of CD8+T-cells in the immunopathology of ACL: i) cytotoxic effects via NLRP3 inflammation activation or IL-1β production during infection by L. (V. )braziliensis [33–36], or ii) a regulatory effect through the production of TGF-β and IL-10 cytokines in the presence of high parasite loads during infection by L. (L. ) amazonensis [14]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is infection.