RB1 and melanoma: The aberrant activation of ERK (pERK) and inactivation of pRb (phosphorylated Rb-Ser780 or pRb-Ser780) contribute to constitutive oncogenic signaling within tumor cells, which has been previously reported in BRAFV600E-mutant melanoma [25, 26].To confirm the aberrant expression of these two pathways, we examined clinical samples using a TMA of human stage IV melanoma tissues for pERK and pRB-Ser780.