MAPK pathway activation and cell cycle dysregulation are general hallmarks of melanoma [15] resulting from aberrations in cell proliferation [16], deficiency of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) [17], mutations in CDK4 [17, 18], and overexpression of cyclin D1 following resistance to BRAF inhibition [19, 20]. The gene discussed is CDK4; the disease is melanoma.