Makeyev et al. (2007) reported that miR-124 promoted neurite outgrowth in neuroblastoma cells and that it stimulated neuronal differentiation in RA-treated and aggregated P19 cells. They found that the mRNA for the splicing factor PTBP1 is a direct target of miR-124 repression, and that part of the effects of miR-124 could be attributed to alternative mRNA splicing arising from downregulation of PTBP1; our previous study demonstrated that miR-124 repressed ROCK1 expression and stimulated neurite development via the PI3K/AKT signal pathway (Gu et al., 2014). The gene discussed is ROCK1; the disease is neuroblastoma.