TNF and androgen insensitivity syndrome: ELISA results showed that serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-33 (165 vs 283 pg/ml) and IL-10 (32.3 vs 68.4 pg/ml), as well as the inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β (23.5 vs 69.6 pg/ml), IL-6 (57.4 vs 122.8 pg/ml), and TNF-α (29.5 vs 82.5 pg/ml), were upregulated after AIS.