Our current data revealed that anti-vimentin antibodies induced during T.cruzi infection could be a marker of active disease in the host and itslevels could also justify drug therapy in American Trypanosomiasis chronicinfection, as a large group of asymptomatic patients would be submitted totreatment with frequent adverse reactions of the available drugs.Anti-vimentin antibodies could be a marker of cardiac muscle cell damage,appearing in American Trypanosomiasis patients during active muscle celldamage. The gene discussed is VIM; the disease is American trypanosomiasis.