Moreover, the combined treatment with SH and 4-PBA or 3-MA strongly prevented the increased numbers of AVs and the inhibition of the invasion of the two cell lines mediated by SH, and the combined treatment with SH and the CHOP siRNA or ATG5 siRNA significantly reversed the effects of SH on the levels of the autophagy marker LC3B-II and mesenchymal markers, including vimentin, Snail and Slug, in both human glioblastoma cell lines. The gene discussed is VIM; the disease is glioblastoma.