Support for our hypothesis is the outcome of several studies that showed NOTCH3 and TGFβ1 signalling play a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic cardiovascular disease.53 NOTCH3 was shown to be an important protective factor against cardiac fibrosis in a myocardial infarction model, and the protective effect of NOTCH3 is attributable to its action on TGFβ1/Smad3 signalling. The gene discussed is NOTCH3; the disease is myocardial infarction.