Notably, the differential patterns in Nlrx1−/− compared to Nlrx1-expressing mice in prominent antimicrobial peptides, S100A8/A9, Reg3g, and Defb1, follow the patterns observed in patients experiencing active IBD suggesting that a suppression of NLRX1 might be implicated in mediating disease and pathology in CD and UC patients (36, 37). Here, DEFB1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.