TNF and neoplasm: Furthermore, daily intraperitoneal administration of oat-derived 200 kDa BG34 glucans resulted in a reversal of TME to a pro-immunogenic one, consisting of M1-type activation of macrophages, activation of DCs, and the induction of cytokines/chemokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, CXCL9, CXCL10, PDL-1, and IRF-1 that are associated with T cell infiltration and tumor eradication.