Furthermore, particularly high expression of the neuronal and endocrine lineage transcription factors NEUROD1, NEUROD4, and NEUROG330,31 was found in SCLC and LCNECs of transcriptional class E (Fig. 2a, c, Supplementary Fig. 8b–e, Supplementary Data 13, Q < 0.05). Here, NEUROD4 is linked to small cell lung carcinoma.