Transgenic mice overexpressed TGF-β1 in odontoblasts using the DSPP gene promoter develop distinct dentin defects similar to those seen in human dentin dysplasia and dentinogenesis imperfecta41 Moreover, TGF-β1 knockout mice dentition shows the widespread pulp and less mineralized dentin42. Here, TGFB1 is linked to dentin dysplasia.