In order to address this gap, we conducted a randomized, controlled feeding study to compare the effects of a pecan-rich diet with an isocaloric control diet similar in total fat and fiber content, but absent nuts, on biomarkers related to CVD and T2DM risk, including indices of insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, antioxidant activity, inflammation, and endothelial function, in healthy middle-aged and older adults who are overweight or obese with central adiposity. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.