BRAF and cutaneous melanoma: Nevertheless, molecular analysis of both familial and sporadic cutaneous melanomas has led to the identification of recurrent somatic mutations in several key genes relevant for cell proliferation (BRAF, NRAS and NF1), growth and metabolism (PTEN and KIT), resistance to apoptosis (TP53), cell cycle control (CDKN2A) and replicative lifespan (TERT) [10].