In addition, Western blot data of PC3 tumor tissues demonstrated that levels of p‐ERK1/2, p‐FOXO1(S256), and CyclinD1 were all down‐regulated by the treatment of CFF‐1, whereas protein levels of c‐Caspase 3, c‐PARP‐1, and LC3‐II were up‐regulated by the treatment of CFF‐1 (Fig. 8D). This evidence concerns the gene CCND1 and neoplasm.