TGFB1 and atrial fibrillation: Another study suggested that miR‐145 prevents TGFβ‐dependent ECM accumulation and fibrosis in smooth muscle cells by targeting TGFβRII.26 Additionally, a recent study showed that constitutive expression of dominant‐negative TGFβRII in the posterior left atrium in a canine heart failure model could sufficiently attenuate fibrosis‐induced changes in atrial conduction and restitution to decrease AF.27