TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is widely accepted as a major mediator involved in renal fibrosis leading to CKD via various mechanisms, including inflammation, suppression of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, activation of residential myofibroblasts, and induction of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) that is associated with increased ECM production and accumulation3,4.