NODAL and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Of the well-established ES-specific gene products, Gli2 (ΔΔCT = 0.3 ± 0.2, p = 0.005) and Nanog (ΔΔCT = 0.1 ± 0.02, p = 0.01) were significantly downregulated in the NPC cultures, and Nodal (ΔΔCT = 2.2 ± 0.7, p = 0.19) was found not to be significant.