In the colon, dogs with CE compared to healthy dogs had a significantly higher number (and percentage) of samples positive for mucosal pro-MMP-2 (13/15 [86.7%] vs. 3/18 [16.7%]; P < 0.0001), active MMP-2 (7/15 [46.7%] vs. 0/18 [0%]; P = 0.002), and pro-MMP-9 (15/15 [100%] vs. 8/18 [44.4%]; P = 0.001, Fig. 3). The gene discussed is MMP9; the disease is cholesteryl ester measurement.