PTGER1 and Stroke: In the context of focal cerebral ischemia, previous studies have shown that activation of EP1 and EP3 PGE2 receptors significantly exacerbate stroke injury (Manabe et al., 2004; Kawano et al., 2006; Ahmad et al., 2007, 2008; Abe et al., 2009; Fukumoto et al., 2010; Zhen et al., 2012; Shimamura et al., 2013).