INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In an observational study of newly initiated insulin therapy in patients with T2DM by Nichols et al. [42], multivariate analyses demonstrated that HbA1c prior to insulin initiation was the dominant factor in predicting treatment goal attainment (HbA1c < 7%), and that a 1% increase in HbA1c prior to insulin initiation reduced the probability of attaining target glycemic control by 26% [42].