Activation of IFN is the earliest transcriptional response to viral infection; the IFN-λ–IL-10–CBFβ axis might act as a quick response in fighting against HBV in the early stage, and when HBV is uncontrolled in the later stages (e.g., in HBV patients), IFN-λ signaling is inhibited. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is viral infectious disease.