IFNA1 and chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Although it was slightly improved with combination treatments, such as entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir, IFN-α has not been widely used in the clinic due to its side effects and low efficiency.34 Recently, IFN-λ combined with ETV was evaluated in a clinical trial to assess the efficacy of peg-IFN-λ in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.34,35 The combination significantly enhanced the treatment efficiency compared to ETV only.35 There have been only a few reports that showed the mechanism involved in the inhibition of HBV replication by IFN-λ.