TNF and Hypercholesterolemia: The rat NASH model exhibited typical findings of NAFLD pathology including hepato- and splenomegaly, early NASH histopathology, hypercholesterolemia, increased serum liver enzymes, and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as up-regulated hepatic TNF, COL1A1, and TGFB1 gene expressions, similar to our previous studies using the same model[16–18].