INS and gestational diabetes: Women that were successfully managed with diet and lifestyle modification alone had a significantly lower fasting plasma glucose level on 75 g OGTT and HbA1c at diagnosis of GDM compared to women receiving metformin or insulin therapy (4.4 mmol/L vs. 4.9 mmol/L vs. 4.8 mmol/L, respectively; p < 0.0001 (Figure 1A) and 5.0% vs. 5.1% vs. 5.2%, respectively; p < 0.01 (Figure 1B)).