DICER1 and cancer: For example, p53 is involved in the activation of DDR by up-regulating serine/threonine phosphatases PPP4C and PPP5C (Figure 7A), contributing to cell survival (Freeman and Monteiro, 2010), and it activates tyrosine kinase BMX (Figure 7A) and promotes cell proliferation (Holopainen et al., 2012); however, p53 also suppresses cell cycle progression by up-regulating BUB proteins, inhibits the expression of cancer markers such as COL18A1 and DICER1, and induces FAS expression to promote apoptosis (Figure 7A).