The preventive role of these nutritional plants and their polyphenols is attributed to their well-established pharmacological mechanisms in the kidney, including attenuation of hyperoxaluria, proteinuria, and hypocitraturia; their inhibitory effect on the deposition and the growth of calcium oxalate; down-regulation of serum PON1; up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes; and suppression of the attachment and internalization of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals to epithelial tubular cells (Figure 1). The gene discussed is PON1; the disease is Hyperoxaluria.