TNF and schizophrenia: With the widespread application of sequencing and genetic association analyses for studying the genetics of complex diseases, such as schizophrenia [9–12], several bone formation and growth-related genes and molecules were investigated for their potential contribution to the risk of developing a non-union during the fracture healing process, including pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1 and IL6), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [13–15].