The most recent study has shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome, closely associated with mature IL-1β secretion, is involved in mechanical stretch-induced EndMT in lung fibrosis and NLRP3 inactivation could inhibit EndMT, suggesting novel therapeutic options against mechanical ventilation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (52). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.